Essential Words for the TOEFL- Lesson 12 benefit blind broaden burgeon conspicuously demand endorse enormous entirely erode evaporate recover reportedly shift suffer همراه با آزمون benefit v. to be useful or helpful adv. beneficially adj. beneficial n. benefit n. beneficiary Syn. assist Use of solar power will benefit all mankind. It is extremely beneficial to prepare for a test. جستجو [HR][/HR] blind adj. unable to see or understand, to conceal;showing poor judgment or understanding, without thought, judgment, or reason. adv. blindly n. blindness Syn. unaware They were blind to the fact that they had little chance to succeed. He went into the job blindly, with no previous experience. International companies are all too often blind to local needs. He was totally blind to the faults of his children. She screamed at him, her eyes blind with tears. They seem to be blind to the possible consequences of this policy. He is blind to her faults. blind haste/anger. in a blind panic. blind faith/loyalty.[HR][/HR] broaden v. to make larger or greater, to increase something such as your knowledge, experience, or range of activities adv. broadly adj. broad n. breadth ( the fact or quality of including many things, ideas or people; wide range; SCOPE) Syn. enlarge Education will broaden your opportunities to land a good job. The breadth of his knowledge is impressive. The river broadens (out) at this point. Travel broadens the mind. His parents hoped the course would broaden his horizons. travel broadens one's horizons. The course helps school-leavers broaden their knowledge of the world of work. I'd like to work abroad to broaden my horizons (=learn, experience, or attempt new things) . Travel broadens the mind (=helps you to understand and accept other people's beliefs, customs etc) . they are broadening the road. we want to broaden the base of the company's activities. education and foreign travel broadened his views. His book shows the great breadth of his learning. It is important to remember the breadth of their support in the country. the breadth of his knowledge surprised everybody. The job wasn't giving him the breadth of experience he wanted. His breadth of knowledge was amazing. a politician known for his breadth of vision. We need to provide more breadth in the college curriculum. [HR][/HR] burgeon v. grow at a fast pace,to grow or develop quickly, adj. burgeoning Syn. thrive The burgeoning population of major cities is creating a demand for more services. His talent as a pianist burgeoned at the age of 14. the burgeoning market for digital cameras. the burgeoning home computer industry. the country's home industries burgeoned. the burgeoning of Kashan during the past centuries. [HR][/HR] conspicuously adv. attracting attention adj. conspicuous (noticeable; attracting attention; easily seen) Syn. noticeably —opposite inconspicuous His name was conspicuously absent from the list of winners. The attorneys were conspicuous for their aggressive manner in the courtroom. a conspicuous high-rise office building. He was conspicuous for his bravery. You were conspicuous by your absence yesterday. (=people noticed you were not present) The notice must be displayed in a conspicuous place. a bird with conspicuous white markings. I felt very conspicuous in my red coat. a conspicuous billboard. conspicuous bravery. conspicuous folly. every time he gives money to a begger he tries to be conspicuous. be conspicuous by one's absence. women are conspicuous by their absence in politics. [HR][/HR] demand v. to ask for something in a strong way adv. demandingly adj. demanding n. demand Syn. insist She demanded to know the truth. The employees' demands for better working conditions caused the work stoppage. Angry demonstrators demanded the resignation of two senior officials. I demand to know what's going on. They demanded that the military government free all political prisoners. It seemed that no matter what she did, more was demanded of her. 'Where are you going?' she demanded angrily. There’s not much demand for houses like this. These developments have created a great demand for home computers. Her books are in great demand at the moment. [HR][/HR] endorse v. to express approval or support of (opinions, actions, a person, etc.), to write something, esp. one’s name, on the back of (esp. a check) n. endorsement Syn. support The union endorsed the new contract. The president's endorsement of the project guaranteed its funding. The committee’s report fully endorses the mayor’s proposals. When the former President endorsed her candidacy, she knew she had a good chance of being elected. If you get any more endorsements you won’t be allowed to drive. The Prime Minister is unlikely to endorse this view. he officially endorsed the labour party candidate. celebrity endorsements. the official endorsement of his candidacy. before you cash a check you have to endorse it. l [HR][/HR] enormous adj. very large adv. enormously n. enormity (the great size, seriousness, or difficulty of a situation, problem, event etc) Syn. Tremendous, huge His enormous wealth allows him to contribute to many charities. A diet with many fruits and vegetables is enormously beneficial to the body. an enormous bunch of flowers. an enormous house/meal/amount of money. The team made an enormous effort. the enormous size of the Pacific Ocean. he has an enormous nose. enormous costs. an enormous crime against humanity. Even now, the full enormity of his crimes has not been exposed. the enormity of the task. If I’d known the enormity of the task before I took it on, I wouldn’t have attempted it. In his interview, he discussed the enormity of the agency's task. The enormity of our country's economic problems is overwhelming. [HR][/HR] entirely adv. completely adj. entire n. entirety (including every part, completeness; wholeness) Syn. Thoroughly They are entirely right about the economy. in its/their entirety The president released the speech in its entirety before the news conference. The film has been shown in its entirety for the first time. He bought the collection in its entirety. (=all of it) to view a problem in its entirety.[HR][/HR] erode v. to wear away, disappear slowly, if the weather erodes rock or soil, or if rock or soil erodes, its surface is gradually destroyed, to gradually reduce something such as someone's power or confidence n. erosion Syn. deteriorate The senator's support is eroding because of his unpopular positions on the issues. It took millions of years of erosion for nature to form the Grand Canyon. The coast is slowly eroding (away). The sea erodes the rocks. (fig.) Jealousy is eroding our friendship. acid erodes metal. cancer had eroded the bone. The cliffs are being constantly eroded by heavy seas. The rocks have gradually eroded away. Our personal freedom is being gradually eroded away. Repeated exam failure had eroded her confidence. the soil around the river has been completely eroded friction erodes the moving parts of machinery recent scandals have eroded the people's confidence in that company. the gradual erosion of our civil liberties. the problem of soil erosion. the erosion of the coastline. Soil erosion by rain and wind is a serious problem here. the slow erosion of royal power. the erosion of the leader's credibility.[HR][/HR] evaporate v. to vanish, if a liquid evaporates, or if heat evaporates it, it changes into a gas, if a feeling evaporates, it slowly disappears. n. evaporation Syn. disappear The chances of the two sides reaching an agreement have evaporated. The evaporation of the funds was unexplainable. The rainwater in the street soon evaporated in the warm sunshine. Hopes of reaching an agreement are beginning to evaporate. (=disappear) Most of the water had evaporated. The sun evaporates moisture on the leaves. Hopes of achieving peace are beginning to evaporate. His courage had evaporated away. sea water evaporates. boiling water evaporates faster. when I saw my father, all my fears evaporated. [HR][/HR] recover v. to get back; to have something returned adj. recovered adj. recoverable n. recovery Syn. retrieve The NASA team was unable to recover the space capsule. The recovered objects had not been damaged. The police recovered the stolen jewelry. She recovered consciousness soon after the accident. The company hopes to recover the cost of developing this product within about two years. They are still trying to recover bodies from the wrecked building. (=find them and get them out) [HR][/HR] reportedly adv. to know by report; unconfirmed; supposedly,according to what is said,according to what some people say adj. reported v. report n. report Syn. Rumored The students reportedly sent a representative, but she has not arrived yet. The reported tornado has not been confirmed. He is reportedly not intending to return to this country. Her husband's assets are reportedly worth over $15 million. he is reportedly going to resign.[HR][/HR] shift n. change in position or direction adj. shifting v. shift adj. shifty Syn. Switch The shift in the wind was helpful to the sailors. Earthquakes are caused by shifting in layers of earth along faults. [HR][/HR] Suffer v. to experience difficulty; to worsen in adj. suffering quality; to experience pain n. suffering n. sufferer Syn. endure The old man suffers from loss of memory. Many families experience the suffering of difficult economic times.[HR][/HR] آزمونهای درس 12 لغات ضروری آزمون تافل (لطفا از مرورگر استاندارد و دارای فلش استفاده نمایید.) آزمون شماره 1 درس 12 لغات ضروری آزمون تافل آزمون شماره 2 درس 12 لغات ضروری آزمون تافل آزمون شماره 3 درس 12 لغات ضروری آزمون تافل ( لطفا تا باز شدن آزمون صبور باشید.)
Essential Words for the TOEFL- Lesson 13 [h=2] [/h] dignitary crucial elude evident exhaust extensive extremely face facet hero inaccessible obviously predictably solve suitable همراه با آزمون dignitary n. someone who has an important official position Syn. notable,VIP Every dignitary in Washington was invited to the wedding. All of the high ranking dignitaries attended the economic summit. Flowers were presented to visiting dignitaries. Many of the local dignitaries attended the funeral. town dignitaries went to the city's gate to welcome Cyrus. [HR][/HR] crucial adj. of great importance; extremely necessary adv. crucially Syn. critical Favorable weather is crucial to a good harvest. Having all the information necessary to make a good decision is crucially important. This aid money is crucial to the government’s economic policies. The work of monks was crucial in spreading Christianity. The city of Neishabor played a crucial role in the history of Iran. The conservation of tropical forests is of crucial importance. a crucial moment in the negotiations. The success of this experiment is crucial to the project as a whole. a crucial decision. sound planning is crucial to economic development. at the crucial moment. He further advised espionage as a crucial measure to stop Tehran's nuclear program. [HR][/HR] elude v. to escape in a tricky way adj. elusive (difficult to catch, find, or remember) n. elusiveness Syn. evade, avoid The criminal has eluded the police for months. Success has been elusive for the team. The fox succeeded in eluding the hunters by running back in the opposite direction. He managed to elude his pursuers by escaping into a river. to elude one's responsibilities. the thief eluded the police. I’ve been trying to get her on the phone, but she is totally elusive. Despite all their efforts, success remained elusive. [HR][/HR] Evident adj. easy to see, usually because of some proof adv. evidently n. evidence Syn. apparent, obvious, clear It is evident that you are not feeling. All the evidences point to the presence of hydrogen. Despite her evident distress, she carried on working. It’s evident (to me) that they have no experience in this work. It was evident that she was unhappy. It soon became evident that she was seriously ill. It was clearly evident that the company was in serious financial difficulties. It was evident to me that he was not telling the truth. The growing popularity of the subject is evident in the numbers of students wanting to study it. Bob began eating his lunch with evident enjoyment. his anger was evident. his leadership qualities soon became evident. it is evident that you don't agree with me. [HR][/HR] exhaust v. to use completely; to expend all energy;very thorough adv. exhaustively adj. exhaustive (thorough; including all cases or possibilities) adj. exhausting adj. exhausted n. exhaustion Syn. deplete, use up They exhausted their energy in 10 minutes. The exhaustive report was acclaimed by everyone. We had exhausted our supply of oxygen. My patience is exhausted. We’ve exhausted this subject (=said everything we could say about it): let’s go on to the next. We are in danger of exhausting the world's oil supply . Having exhausted all other possibilities , I asked Jan to look after the baby. the world's oil reserves will be exhausted in a few decades. my patience was being exhausted. Common Errors: An exhausting investigation finally revealed the cause of the accident. An exhaustive investigation finally revealed the cause of the accident. exhausting = causing tiredness: ‘Pushing the car uphill was exhausting.’ exhaustive = thorough; very careful [HR][/HR] extensive adj. large in area or number adv. extensively v. extend (to offer; to make longer.) n. extension (an extending; an additional part) Syn. comprehensive The extensive snowfall caused problems throughout the city. The professor extended a warm welcome to the new student. The storm caused extensive damage. We’re having extensive repairs done to the building. The story received extensive coverage in the newspapers. The house has extensive grounds. She has read extensively. The house stands in extensive grounds. Fire has caused extensive damage to the island's forests. the extensive use of pesticides. an extensive forest. the extensive reforms undertaken by the government. the buildings suffered extensive damage. the motor had undergone extensive testing. the extension of the copyright laws to cover online materials. [HR][/HR] extremely adv. very; to the very end, the highest extent, to an extreme degree; very; highly adj. extreme adj. extremist n. extreme n. extremist Syn. highly When the concert was canceled, some customers became extremely upset. He will go to any extreme to get what he wants. I’m extremely sorry/angry. Earthquakes are extremely difficult to predict. I'm extremely sorry to have troubled you. Extreme poverty still exists in many rural areas. It is necessary to use extreme caution with chemicals. extreme cold. He had extreme difficulty getting hold of the ingredients. Commom Errors Since he stopped smoking, there has been an extreme improvement in his health. Since he stopped smoking, there has been a great/major/considerable/dramatic improvement in his health. Doctors have to know about all the extreme new medical developments. Doctors have to know about all the important/major new medical developments. Extreme is NOT used with nouns which describe a change in state or condition.[HR][/HR] face v. to be in the presence of an oppose Syn. confront The mountain climbers faced grave danger on the cliff. He finds it difficult to face his problems. The manufacturing industry faces a grim future if it can’t increase exports. We’ll have to face (the) facts — we simply can’t afford a vacation this year. [HR][/HR] Facet n. any of the many parts of a subject to be considered;one of several parts of someone's character, a situation etc adj. faceted Syn. aspect The proposal had many beneficial facets. It was a multi faceted problem that challenged the entire student body. One needs to consider the various facets of the problem. He has travelled extensively in China, recording every facet of life. the various facets of her personality. [HR][/HR] hero n. a person remembered for an act of goodness or bravery adv. heroically adj. heroic (extremely courageous) n. heroine (female hero) n. heroics (brave actions or words, often ones that are meant to seem impressive to other people) Syn. idol He is a hero in the eyes of his admirers. They gave a heroic effort to no avail. a heroine of the French Resistance. Myra, the fictional heroine of The Women's Room. heroic deeds. heroic resistance to the evil dictator. her heroic efforts to save her family. Lawrence's heroic struggle against his destiny. She portrayed him as a heroic figure . America's present need is not heroics, but calm diplomacy. [HR][/HR] inaccessible adj. something that cannot be reached or communicated with, difficult or impossible to understand or afford n. inaccessibility adv. inaccessibly Syn. remote The summit of the mountain was inaccessible. The dignitary's inaccessibility frustrated the reporter. In winter, the villages are inaccessible by road. A long flight of stairs made the center inaccessible to disabled visitors. Stockhausen's music is thought to be difficult and inaccessible. The bathroom is situated at the top of a flight of stairs, making it inaccessible to the disabled. The country consists mainly of dense jungles and inaccessible mountain ranges. These mountain villages are completely inaccessible in winter. This textbook would be inaccessible to my students.[HR][/HR] obviously adv. in a clear, easy to understand way adj. obvious Syn. evidently It had obviously rained. It was obvious that he had not practiced his oral report. [HR][/HR] Predictably adv. in a way that foretells future events adj. predictable (if something or someone is predictable, you know what will happen or what they will do) v. predict n. prediction Syn. expectedly She predictably forgot to do her assignment. The government's predictions were accurate. Predictably, he came late. (=it could be expected because he always does). Predictably, no one was home when I called. The snow had a predictable effect on traffic. an entertaining but predictable film. Logan's reaction was predictable. Horror movies can be so predictable. In the current economic climate it is fairly predictable that unemployment will continue to rise. My dad's so predictable - every evening he comes home, has two Sandis, and falls asleep in front of the TV. The drug is usually effective but unfortunately the side effects are not always predictable. The movie was completely predictable - I couldn't wait for it to end. There are few predictable elements to this conflict -- the only certainty is that the situation will worsen before it gets better.[HR][/HR] Solve v. to find the answer, to find or provide a way of dealing with a problem n. solution Syn. resolve They solved the problem in a way that benefited the entire neighborhood. The solution to the problem was elusive. Charlie thinks money will solve all his problems. the best way of solving our dilemma. More than 70% of murder cases were solved last year. attempts to solve a mathematical equation.[HR][/HR] Suitable adj. appropriate, correct; convenient adv. suitably v. suit (to be acceptable, suitable or convenient for a particular person or in a particular situation, clothes, colours etc that suit you make you look attractive) Syn. appropriate Her dress was not suitable for the occasion. The agreement suits all the members of the negotiating team. Whatever your reason for borrowing, we have the loan that suits your needs . There's a range of restaurants to suit all tastes . There are countryside walks to suit everyone. We have gifts to suit every pocket (=of all prices) . Either steak or chicken would suit me fine . The climate there will suit you down to the ground (=suit you very well) . suit something to something She had the ability to suit her performances to the audience. That coat really suits Paul. Red suits you. Jill's new hairstyle doesn't really suit her. [HR][/HR] آزمونهای درس 13 لغات ضروری آزمون تافل (لطفا از مرورگر استاندارد و دارای فلش استفاده نمایید.) آزمون شماره 1 درس 13 لغات ضروری آزمون تافل آزمون شماره 2 درس 13 لغات ضروری آزمون تافل آزمون شماره 3 درس 13 لغات ضروری آزمون تافل ( لطفا تا باز شدن آزمون صبور باشید.)
Essential Words for the TOEFL- Lesson 14 ample arid avoid defy enact even feign fertile freshly function fundamental indiscriminate selective spacious withstand ample adj. more than enough, large adv. amply Syn. sufficient ￚopposite insufficient There is ample evidence that the young man was speeding when the accident occurred. She was amply paid for the work she completed. We have ample money for the trip. He was given ample opportunity to express his views. You'll have ample time for questions later. There is ample evidence that climate patterns are changing. She found ample room for her things in the wardrobe. a house with an ample garden. an ample bosom. it is amply clear that he is not interested in buying the house. there is an ample supply of food. he has ample time to study. Recent US history has amply demonstrated the risks of foreign intervention. Whoever finds the necklace will be amply rewarded. (=given a lot of money) [HR][/HR] arid adj. 1.having little rain or water, 2.not having any new, interesting, or exciting features or qualities Syn. dry The area known as the Sahara Desert is one of the most arid place in the world. The valley on the leeward side of the mountain was extremely arid. Water from the Persian Gulf is pumped to arid regions. My mind was arid, all inspiration gone. arid studies that produce no new ideas. much of central Iran is arid. his speech was long and arid. [HR][/HR] avoid v. 1.to miss or keep away from 2. to prevent (something) from happening, or stop oneself from doing (something): adj. avoidable n. avoidance Syn. avert She could not avoid letting her feelings show. The incident would have been avoidable if he had told the truth. I swerved to the side of the road to avoid the other car. To avoid the downtown area, turn right here. These drugs are very dangerous; I’d avoid them like the plague (=never go near them) if I were you. I swerved to the side of the road to avoid a collision. Nuclear war is to be avoided at all costs. He tried to avoid answering my questions. [HR][/HR] defy v. to show no fear of nor respect for; openly disobey; to refuse to obey a law or rule, or refuse to do what someone in authority tells you to do: adv. defyingly adj. defying Syn. resist I defy you to find that book in the library's collection. The circus performer demonstrated her death - defying routine. Andrew defied his parents and skipped school. They defied their union leader and voted not to strike. The acrobat seemed to defy the law of gravity. people who openly defy the law. it is wrong to defy the orders of a superior officer. [HR][/HR] enact v. to pass a law, to make a proposal into a law adj. enacted n. enactment Syn. Legislate Congress enacted the legislation during its last session. The enactment of the laws was in the hands of the Senate. Several bills (=plans for laws put forward for consideration) were enacted at the end of this session of Congress. Congress refused to enact the bill. the legislative branch enacts laws and the executive branch carries these laws out. [HR][/HR] even adj. regular, smooth; in equal parts adv. evenly n. evenness Syn. Equitable The sound isn't even turn up the left speaker. The profits were divided evenly among the investors. Divide the dough into three even amounts. an even distribution of wealth. [HR][/HR] feign v. to pretend to have or be, make believe adj. feigned Syn. simulate She feigned illness when it was time to visit the dentist. Her unhappiness was feigned. He feigned death to escape capture. Feigning a headache, I went upstairs to my room. she feigned to be asleep. she feigned herself to be sick. [HR][/HR] fertile adj. able to produce abundantly v. fertilize (1.After the egg has been fertilized, it will hatch in about six weeks. 2.to put fertilizer on the soil to make plants grow) n. fertility (the ability of the land or soil to produce good crops,the ability of a person, animal, or plant to produce babies, young animals, or seeds) n. fertilizer (a substance that is put on the soil to make plants grow) Syn. Rich The delta areas of rivers are known for their fertile soil. Fertilizers are used on crops to increase yields. Some fish are very fertile: they lay thousands of eggs. Are these eggs fertile? Most men remain fertile into old age. 800 acres of fertile cropland. the fertile soil of Khuzestan. this appel tree is very fertile. nitrates fertilize soil. they fertilize the garden at least once a year. fertilizers increase the fertility of the soil. [HR][/HR] freshly adv. caught or produced not long ago adj. fresh v. freshen (also freshen up, to make something look or feel clean, new, attractive, cool etc) n. freshness Syn. recently Freshly harvested produce is hard to find in the winter months. The product's freshness depends on an efficient transportation system to bring it to market. “This coffee smells good.” “Yes, it’s freshly made.” His shirts have been freshly washed and ironed. freshly ground pepper. I'm going to buy some white paint to freshen up the bathroom walls. I must just go and freshen (myself) up before dinner. She’s freshened up the house with a new coat of paint. [HR][/HR] function n. the normal purpose of something adv. functionally adj. functional v. function Syn. Role It is the function of the director to organize and lead the department. Most appliances cannot function without electricity. Flights in and out of Taipei are functioning normally again. Her legs have now ceased to function . You know I can't function (=cannot perform normal activities) without a coffee in the morning. [HR][/HR] fundamental adj. a primary or basic element adv. fundamentally Syn. essential The student government promised fundamental changes in the registration process. He is fundamentally strong in his area of expertise. There’s a fundamental difference in attitude between these two politicians. The fundamental purpose of my plan is to encourage further development. A knowledge of economics is fundamental to any understanding of this problem. We have to tackle the fundamental cause of the problem. a fundamental difference in opinion. Novice programmers sometimes make fundamental errors. the fundamental principles of liberty and equality. computers have a fundamental role in industry. the fundamental rules of arts and sciences. a fundamental change. [HR][/HR] indiscriminate adj. not chosen carefully; unplanned adv. indiscriminately Syn. arbitrary The indiscriminate arrangement of the products made the store confusing. The book's chapters seem to be organized indiscriminately. the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers. Even so-called ‘tactical' nuclear weapons are indiscriminate in their effect. Soldiers fired indiscriminately into the crowd. [HR][/HR] selective adj. careful about what you choose to do, buy, allow etc adv. selectively adj. select v. select n. selection n. selectivity Syn. discriminating They were very selective when they chose the members of the academic team. He selected Spanish as his language class. He’s always very selective when he buys his suits. They quoted from the report selectively in order to support their argument. selective about/in We're very selective about what we let the children watch. selective schools (=that choose which students to accept) [HR][/HR] spacious adj. having a lot of room adj. spaciously n. space n. spaciousness Syn. expansive ￚopposite cramped The spacious plains of the Midwest make up the nation's breadbasket. A vacuum is an empty space. a spacious living area. a spacious office. a spacious car. a spacious suitcase. a spacious kitchen. later on he bought a more spacious house.[HR][/HR]withstand v. to fight without surrender; to persist Syn. survive, stand up to She cannot withstand the pressures of her job. The old building withstood the terrible storm. They withstood the enemy’s attack. The Chancellor has withstood the criticism and held firm. he could not withstand psychological pressure the city was not capable of withstanding a prolonged siege[HR][/HR] آزمونهای درس 14 لغات ضروری آزمون تافل (لطفا از مرورگر استاندارد و دارای فلش استفاده نمایید.) آزمون شماره 1 درس 14 لغات ضروری آزمون تافل آزمون شماره 2 درس 14 لغات ضروری آزمون تافل آزمون شماره 3 درس 14 لغات ضروری آزمون تافل ( لطفا تا باز شدن آزمون صبور باشید.)
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